…a greater impact on the prevention of disease in the Western world than any other single intervention.*
Cardiovascular Disease and the Role of Fixed-dose Combination Therapy
Cardiovascular Disease Research and Other Resources
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ClinicalTrials.gov is a database of privately and publicly funded clinical studies conducted around the world. Explore 449,665 research studies in all 50 states and in 221 countries.
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Cardiology and CVD
- World Health Organization, Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs)
- World Heart Federation, What is Cardiovascular Disease?
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Heart Disease Facts
- European Union, eurostat, Cardiovascular diseases statistics
- UK, National Health Service, Cardiovascular Disease
- Government of Canada, Heart Disease in Canada
- March 2022 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, “Cardiovascular Disease: A Public Health Priority”
- American Heart Association
- Canadian Cardiovascular Society
- Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada
- European Society of Cardiology
- American College of Cardiology
Select CVD Publications
- 26 Feb 2024 GHJ, Agarwal and Huffman. Inclusion of Polypills for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in the 23rd World Health Organization Model List of Essential Medicines: A Significant Step Towards Reducing Global Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality
- 22 Nov 2023 JCM, Narita, Hoshide and Kario. Polypill Therapy for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Combination Medication Therapy for Hypertension Management
- 22 Aug 2023 JAMA, Yoo et. al. Aspirin for Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in 51 Low-, Middle-, and High-Income Countries
- 10 Aug 2023 BMJ, Rodgers and Smith. The polypill and medicines access: two decades and counting
- 2023 ECB, Dhamarmamoorthy et. al. Polypills – A Systematic review
- 26 Apr 2023 ICJ, Pinto et. al. Single-pill combination in the management of chronic coronary syndromes: A strategy to improve treatment adherence and patient outcomes?
- Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2023 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association
- 2023 NCD, Bouvet, et. al. Chapter 7, Cardiovascular disease, Priority Interventions
- 2023 NCD, Darioli, et. al. Chapter 20, Cholesterol, saturated fats and trans fats – Burden, epidemiology and priority interventions
- 23 Jan 2023 JAMA, Schwalm, et. al. “New Approaches Needed to Improve Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease”
- 14 Feb 2023 JACC, Zhu, et. al. “Medication Use for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in 40 Low- and Middle-Income Countries”
- 24 Jan 2023 Cureus, Memon, et. al. “Effect of the Polypill on Adherence and Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases in Patients With or at High Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials”
- 13 Oct 2022 WHF, “FOUR PATHS TO BETTER CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH: WORLD HEART VISION 2030”
- 14 APR 2022 FCM, Kandil, et. al. “Pollypills for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: A systematic Review and Meta-Analysis”
- 12 OCT 2022 Lancet, Yusef and Pinto “The polypill: from concept and evident to implementation”
- 27 Oct 2022 CVD, Pham, et. al. “Medication Adherence in Cardiovascular Diseases”
- 1 Jun 2022 RCT, Merat, et. al. “Polypill for prevention of cardiovascular diseases with focus on non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: the Polytran-liver trial”
- 2022 PNRJ, Sundararajan, et. al. “Formulation Development And Evaluation of Bilayer Tablets Of Lisinopril For Immediate Release And Simvastatin For Sustained Release”
- 18 Jan 2019 PLOS, Ma, et. al. “Effect of evidence-based therapy for secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: Systematic review and meta-analysis”
- 13 Dec 2018 tctMD, Neale “Rising CVD Threatens Middle East and North Africa”
- 1 Mar 2018 UJPM, Brouwers “Drug adherence after myocardial infarction: The role of patients and physicians”
- 17 Jan 2018 JCPT, Martin-Ruiz, et. al. “Systematic Review of the Effect of Adherence to Statin Treatment on Critical Cardiovascular Events and Mortality in Primary Prevention”
- 23 Jul 2018 Circ, Shen and Ge “Epidemic of Cardiovascular Disease in China”
- 27 Mar 2017 BMJ, Viera “Whatever happened to the polypill?”
- 13 Apr 2016 BP, Hedner, et. al. “The polypill: an emerging treatment alternative for secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease”
- 23 Mar 2013 ProgCVD, Kronish and Ye “Adherence to cardiovascular medications: lessons learned and future directions”
- 5 Jan 2011 Trials, Soliman, et. al. “A Polypill for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: a feasibility study of the World Health Organization”
- Jan 2011 PrevMed, Viera, et. al. “Acceptance of a Polypill Approach to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease Among a Sample of U.S. Physicians”
- *28 Jun 2003 BMJ, Wald and Law “A strategy to reduce cardiovascular disease by more than 80%”
CVD and COVID-19
- European Society of Cardiology (ESC) COVID-19 and Cardiology
- American College of Cardiology (ACC) COVID-19 Hub
- Latest COVID-19 Information from the US Centers for Disease Control
- US FDA Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Information
- World Health Organization (WHO) Coronavirus disease (COVID-2019) situation reports
- WHO Training on COVID-19
Select COVID-19 Publications and Podcasts
Cardiovascular disease is a global epidemic and COVID-19 is a pandemic within that epidemic
- 06 Mar 23 MDPI, Fedson “Treating COVID-19: Targeting the Host Response, Not the Virus“
- 05 Jan 23 MC, Barge-Caballero, et.al. “Survival impact of previous statin therapy in patients hospitalized with COVID-19“
- 01 Oct 22 BP, Gillespie, et.al. “Associations Between Statin Use and Negative Affective Bias During COVID-19 An Observational, Longitudinal UK Study Investigating Depression Vulnerability“
- Oct 22 SMMR, Xue, et. al. “The analysis of COVID-19 in-hospital mortality: A competing risk approach or a cure model?“
- 15 Aug 22 AJC, Saad, et. al. “Preadmission Statin Treatment and Outcome in Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19“
- 28 Jul 22 APM, Chow, et. al. “Cost-effectiveness analysis of statins for the treatment of hospitalized COVID-19 patients“
- 22 Jul 22 medR, Sperry, et. al. “Target-agnostic drug prediction integrated with medical record analysis uncovers differential associations of statins with increased survival in COVID-19 patients“
- 20 Jul 22 HTN, Ebinger, et. al. “Hypertension and Excess Risk for Severe COVID-19 Illness Despite Booster Vaccination“
- Jul 22 AJoM, Li, et. al. “Statin Use in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: A Comprehensive Analysis of the New York City Public Hospital System“
- 14 Jun 22 JAHA, Bouillon, et.al. “Association of Statins for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases With Hospitalization for COVID-19 A Nationwide Matched Population-Based Cohort Study
- 30 May 22 ERCT, Daniels and Kumar “The role of statin therapy in COVID-19“
- 12 May 22 CATH, Al Harbi, et.al. “Statins and Risk of Thrombosis in Critically ill Patients with COVID-19 A Multicenter Cohort Study“
- 24 Mar 22 JAMA, Chow, et. al. “Association of Early Aspirin Use With In-Hospital Mortality in Patients With Moderate COVID-19“
- 31 Dec 21 BMJO, Wallace, et. al. “Association of the patterns of use of medications with mortality of COVID-19 infection: a hospital-based observational study“
- 13 Dec 21 SciRep, Shen, et.al. “Statin Use and In-hospital Mortality in Patients with COVID-19 and Coronary Heart Disease“
- Dec 21 InIm, Karampoor, et. al. “The role of lovastatin in the attenuation of COVID-19“
- 08 Oct 21 JMIR, Lee, et. al. “Statin Use and COVID-19 Infectivity and Severity in South Korea: Two Population-Based Nationwide Cohort Studies“
- 25 Sep 21 TMC, Umakanthan, et.al. “The protective role of statins in COVID-19 patients a retrospective observational study“
- 24 Sep 21 BMRI, Vahedian-Azimi, et. al. “Improved COVID-19 Outcomes following Statin Therapy: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis“
- 15 Sep 21 CDT, Choi, et. al. “Efficacy of Statin Therapy in Patients with Hospital Admission of COVID-19“
- Aug 21 COL, Adam, et. al. “The impact of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, dyslipidaemia and lipid lowering therapy on Coronavirus disease 2019 outcomes: an examination of the available evidence“
- 15 Jul 21 PLOS, Daniels, et. al. “Relation of prior statin and anti-hypertensive use to severity of disease among patients hospitalized with COVID-19: Findings from the American Heart Association’s COVID-19 Cardiovascular Disease Registry”
- 7 Jun 21 AoM, Wu, et. al. “The use of statins was associated with reduced COVID-19 mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis“
- 25 May 21 EGM, Alves, et. al. “Protecting older patients with cardiovascular diseases from COVID-19 complications using current medications“
- Apr 21 A&A, Chow, et. al. “Aspirin Use Is Associated With Decreased Mechanical Ventilation, Intensive Care Unit Admission, and In-Hospital Mortality in Hospitalized Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019“
- 30 Mar 21 SciRep, Masana, et. al. “Low HDL and high triglycerides predict COVID-19 severity”
- 6 Mar 21 JCL, Lohia, et. al. “Association between antecedent statin use and severe disease outcomes in COVID-19: A retrospective study with propensity score matching“
- 05 Mar 21 JTT, Giannis, et. al. “Incidence of Venous Thromboembolism and Mortality in Patients with Initial Presentation of COVID-19”
- 26 Feb 21 NatCom, Gupta, et. al. “Association between antecedent statin use and decreased mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19”
- 11 Feb 21 PLOS, Osborne, et. al. “Association of mortality and aspirin prescription for COVID-19 patients at the Veterans Health Administration”
- 22 Jan 21 STH, Onorato, et. al. “Protective Effects of Statins Administration in European and North American Patients Infected with COVID-19 A Meta-analysis”
- Jan 21 IFC, Spaccarotella, et. al. “The therapy with RAS inhibitors during the COVID19 pandemic”
- 15 Jan 21 BMJ PMJ, Pal, et. al. “Statin use and clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19 An updated systematic review and meta-analysis“
- 17 Nov 20 FiM, Fan, et. al. “Association of Statin Use With the In-Hospital Outcomes of 2019-Coronavirus Disease Patients: A Retrospective Study“
- 29 Oct 20 CDisc, Yan, et. al. “Antihypertensive drugs are associated with reduced fatal outcomes and improved clinical characteristics in elderly COVID-19 patients”
- 27 Oct 20 JACC, Mechanick, et. al. “Coronavirus and Cardiometabolic Syndrome JACC Focus Seminar”
- 21 Oct 20 IARS, Chow, et. al. “Aspirin Use is Associated with Decreased Mechanical Ventilation, ICU Admission, and In-Hospital Mortality in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19“
- 24 Aug 20 CAR, Baral, et. al. “Effect of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Inhibitors in Patients with COVID-19: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of 28,872 Patients“
- 28 Jul 20 IJM, Alegbeleye, et. al. “The Novel Aspirin as Breakthrough Drug for COVID-19 A Narrative Review“
- 27 Jul 20 Clin and Exp Med, Gavriatopoulou, et al. “Organ-specific manifestations of COVID-19 infection“
- 17 Jul 20 MMWR, Wortham, et. al. “Characteristics of Persons Who Died with COVID19 United States February 12 to May 18 2020” (On July 10, 2020, this report was posted online as an MMWR Early Release. Please note: This report has been corrected.)
- 13 Jul 20 BMJ, Heart Hippisley-Cox, et. al. “Risk of sever COVID-19 disease with ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers Cohort study including 8.3 million people“
- 15 Jun 20 Lancet, Clark, et. al. “Global, regional, and national estimates of the population at increased risk of severe COVID-19 due to underlying health conditions in 2020: a modelling study“
- 15 Jun 20 MMWR, Stokes, et. al. “Coronavirus Disease 2019 Case Surveillance — United States, January 22–May 30, 2020
- 1 May 20 NEJM, Mehra, et. al. “Cardiovascular Disease, Drug Therapy, and Mortality in Covid-19“
- 22 Apr 20 JAMA, Richardson, et. al. “Presenting Characteristics Comorbidities and Outcomes Among 5700 Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 in the New York City Area”
- 6 Apr 20 JAMA, Garcelli, et. al. ”Baseline Characteristics and Outcomes of 1591 Patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 Admitted to ICUs of the Lombardy Region, Italy” (note Table 1)
- 26 Mar 20 Imperial College London, Walker et. al. “The Global Impact of COVID-19 and Strategies for Mitigation and Suppression“
- 20 Mar 20 BMJ, Heart, Podcast “COVID-19 in Seattle – hope for the best, prepare for the worst“
- 18 Mar 20 EHJ, Xiong, et. al. “Coronaviruses and the cardiovascular system“
- 17 Mar 20 JACC, Driggin, et. al. “Cardiovascular Considerations…During the Pandemic“
- 17 Mar 20 Italian Dept of Health “Characteristics of Deceased and Positive COVID-19 Patients in Italy“
- 16 Mar 20 JAMA, Hopman, et. al. “Managing COVID-19 in Low and Middle Income Countries“
- 13 Mar 20 ACC “Heart Patients Warned of Risks from Coronavirus“
- 12 Mar 20 IJID, Yang, et. al. “Prevalence of comorbidities in the novel Wuhan coronavirus (COVID-19) infection“
- 9 Mar 20 Lancet, Zhou, et. al. “Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19…“
- 24 Jan 20 Lancet, Huang, et. al. “Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus“